Pop Art Homework Due; Wk5
Below is an image from the art movement Pop Art. It was painted by Andy Warhol, titled One Hundred Soup Cans, 1962
You are to construct a 300 word detailed description outlining the key characteristics of the artwork. Be sure use a structural approach to the piece while also outlining why it is a part of Pop Art and some stylistic features of the movement.
1. Describe
2. Visual features, materials and techniques
3. Subject Matter
4. Aims/meanings (artist and audience)
5. Stylistic features of Pop Art, it’s origins and features
Use some or all of the following words in your detailed description:
Popular culture, consumerism, materialistic, challenging, mass produced kitsch, common everyday mundane objects, lack of emotional response, impersonal, objectivity, realistic, symmetrical, repetition, simple shapes, minimal colour/detail, silkscreen process, non-painterly style, commercial subject, causing offence.
Yr 10 Visual Arts 
Andy Warhol was a protagonist of the pop art lifestyle, as well as the creator of highly individual works of art. He turned himself to pop art and became the central figure of a controversial cult. ‘100 Campbell’s Soup Cans of 1962’ illustrates his taste for repeated commercial images.
The painting of the 100 cans forces viewers to confront the sameness and repetition natural in advertising. The painting is oil on canvas – the smooth surface depicts an illusion of the cans. The cans are repeated and all the same. Red, white and a brown colour used to paint the cans. The cans are a commercial subject. Warhol has used simple shapes and lines. There is minimal colour and detail applied to the artwork. The artwork has a lack of emotional response and very impersonal. The painting would have been challenging to make all the cans the same shape and size and symmetrical. The artwork is 2 dimensional and the cans are common everyday mundane objects.
Andy Warhol understood mass media marketing and consumerism. All this impacted on him as an artist. Warhol was fascinated by fame, fortune and glamour. Before becoming an artist, he worked in advertising and design illustration. His artwork mimics the processes and subject matter of mass production. Mass–production techniques of repetition, cropping, overprinting and the use of the grid.
a
Andy Warhol is a famous Pop Artist. ‘One Hundred Soup Cans’, 1962 is one of his best known works. Pop art first originated in England, in the 1950’s. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist’s use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of fine art. Pop removes the material from its context and isolates the object, or combines it with other objects, for contemplation. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it.
This artwork has been hand painted and silk screening. In the artwork it depicts 100 Campbell soup cans. Due to the use of an object that can be seen in many places he has been able to make the painting look commercially made. Warhol has been able to turn the mundane images into ironic art. Andy wanted to be able to mass produce his own artworks.
Warhol found that he couldn’t make his paintings fast enough on canvas. Luckily in July 1962, he discovered the process of silk screening. This technique uses a specially prepared section of silk as a stencil, allowing one silk-screen to create similar patterns multiple times. He immediately began making paintings of celebrities, most notably a large collection of paintings of Marilyn Monroe. Warhol would use this style for the rest of his life.
The picture is highly repetitive, due to the use of colours and the shape of the can. Warhol uses red, white and black repeatedly. He has repeated a simple object, and at the same time, is able to comment on the consumer culture.
It is a good artwork, because people know the Campbell’s company, and so can relate to it, because they might’ve eaten it before. People may also see it as clever, because he has taken a simple object and made it interesting.
He is able to relate to his artwork, because he has claimed to have eaten it every day for lunch.
Pop art is an art movement that begun in England in the 1960’s. The movement was influenced by mass media, popular culture and everyday life. Pop art reflects the influence of popular culture of the late 1950’s and 1960’s. The artworks created were based on objectivity rather then the artists feelings and subjective opinions. Pop art explored new ideas like mass producing their works and stylistic features included simple shapes, minimal colour, lack of tone and mundane objects as the subject matter.
Andy Warhol’s One Hundred Soup Cans 1962 is an example of a Pop art work. It is a work that, as the title suggests, depicts 100 cans of soup. It is a Pop art work as it was created by a Pop art artist and in the style of Pop art. It has a mundane object as it’s subject matter, bold, simple lines, blocks of basic colours, simple shapes and lacks emotional response. The cans are presented in a repetitive manner and are identical to each other and lack detail in tone and colour.
One Hundred Soup Cans 1962 is a symmetrical work. The use of simple shapes, minimal colours and lack of tonal detail makes the audience focus on the objectivity of the work. The artwork was created by a silkscreen process, which makes all the cans identical to each other and creates a repetitious nature of the artwork. The commercial subject matter depicts the commercial influences of the time and the influence of advertising through the mass media. The realistic proportioning of the cans allows the audience to realise what the objects are and only focus in the objects. It also shows the influences of consumerism and materialism of the time.
Andy Warhol if a famous pop artist whom had created this pop art work titled “one hundred soup cans” which is a process of silk-screening because he had found that his paintings were not fast enough on canvas.
As the title describes it are literally 100 soup cans of “camp bells condensed tomato soup” repeated 100 times to represent advertising in media.
It is a popular type of condensed tomato soup which Is a common everyday mundane object that was popular at that point of time
It is a simple shaped can that is represented as 2D. it is portrayed with minimal colour, reds, whites and black . it is outlined with bold thick black lines and shows no tone at all or a light source which makes it less realistic. “100 Campbell’s soup cans of 1962” shows no detail which resembles the media like image eg, print media, tv media.
Pop art works is impersonal and shows none of Warhol’s personal thoughts or emotions portrayed.
His work caused offence because it is not what is expected and shows a lack of an emotional response.
The audience could also relate to his work because it is such a popular mundane item that was easily recognizable.
.
Pop art is an art movement that begun in the 1960’s, originally in England but became big in America. Pop art is influenced by mass media, popular culture and everyday life. Also showing the culture and way of life at the time. They also explored with new ideas like mass-producing, minimal colour, lack of tone and shading as well as using everyday mundane objects as the subject matter.
Andy Warhol is known and the leading figure of the pop art movement. The artwork ‘one hundred soup cans’ is a silkscreen print of 100 Campbell soup can, repeated in 10 columns of 10 soup cans and 10 rows of 10 soup cans.
The soup can is a common, everyday mundane object; that has been glorified in Andy Warhol’s work. Since he has used an everyday object the audience that this artwork appeals to would be ordinary people because they can relate to the artwork and they know the image because they probably see it quite a lot.
Pop art was about objectivity, instead of artworks about emotions, feelings, unconscious state of mind etc. This artwork has achieved this because the artwork conveys no deep emotions or feelings and just shows a picture of one hundred soup cans.
The painting seems almost 2D, and lacks tone or shading. It has bold obvious black outlines and mainly consists of red, white and black; which contrast with each other and can almost make it look like an orange blur from a distance.
In Andy Warhol’s time, no serious painter would have though to paint such an ordinary subject as a can of soup. But Warhol did. And his fame came from his ability to create everyday objects into intriguing works of art.
“100 soup cans” (1962), oil on canvas consists of thirty-two canvases, each measuring 20 inches in height with one can of Campbell’s soup. Every can that has been produced in the artwork has been a different variety that Campbell’s soup has brought out into sale.
Campbell’s Soup Cans’ reliance on themes from popular culture helped to usher in pop art as a major art movement in the USA. Using and glorifying everyday, mundane objects is what was so unique about this artwork. When Warhol first exhibited these thirty–two canvases in 1962, each one simultaneously hung from the wall like a painting and rested on a shelf like groceries in a store. The number of canvases corresponds to the varieties of soup then sold by the Campbell Soup Company. Warhol assigned a different flavor to each painting, referring to a product list supplied by Campbell’s. There is no evidence that Warhol envisioned the canvases in a particular sequence. Here, they are arranged in rows that reflect the chronological order in which they were introduced, beginning with “Tomato” in the upper left, which debuted in 1897.
He used soup cans to create his artwork because it reminded him of his childhood. His mother used to give him that soup for his dinner so it brought back childhood memories. It was an image that stuck in his mind so he incorporated it in his artwork.
Andy Warhol is a very unique artist who works through the subconscious mind. His unique art work 100 soup (349 x 487 pixels) 1962 ) cans sits in the structural frame. This artwork is a simple 2D structure with simple colour it is also very repetitive , there are numerous amounts of soup cans. The red and white from a distance almost looks like a pattern of straight lines and simple colours red and white. Andy wanted to be able to mass produce his own artworks.
Pop art to Warhol is very meaningless and impersonal it shows little to no emotion or personal feelings.
Pop art is a movement that begun in the 50’s in England, then became popular in the 60’s in the US. it takes it’s influences from mass media, pop culture and objects from everyday life, like a soup can. Pop art exploded with bold lines, flat colour. It came in collages, painting, silk screen, anything really. the artworks of the movement aren’t based on the artist’s feelings, but the objectivity of the things being painted.
Andy Warhol was a famous pop artist. He is most famous for painting soup cans. His ‘one hundred soup cans’ 1962, is one of his most famous works. It depicts one hundred cans of Campbell’s soup, as the name suggests. It was created in the pop art style, using the silk screen process.
It is symmetrical and shows 100 identical cans, representing mass media, and a popular type of soup at the time. It is a picture of an everyday, mundane object that everyone at the time knew.
It has bold lines and blocks of colour with no real tone at all, and is a repetition of the same image over and over. it shows no emotion, only objectivity, a main theme of the pop art movement.
Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist’s use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of art. Everyday mundane objects were used in pop art, such as the soup can in this partiular work by Andy Worhol.
It is a two dimensional painting of Campbells Tomato Soup which was an everyday object of the time. He has taken this simple object and turned it into art.
Andy Worhol usually took things from the everyday pop culture of the time and turned them into art.
He has made it into a symetrical work by multiplying many little soup cans and creating another pop art work, One Hundred Soup Cans (1962). He has not used much colour or tone and has used simple shapes to create this work.
Both works show the idea of comericalism and consumerism. They contrast from traditional art, as was the aim of Pop Art, and many would not consider something as simple as this to be art.
He used the silk screen process to create this work.
He has also used bold black lines. His works show no emotional, they are purely objective works.
The audience relates because they know this object so well. It’s something they see everyday.
Andy Warhol, pop artist painted the artwork called “one hundred soup cans” in 1962. Pop art begun in the 50’s in England. The style is mundane and consists of everyday objects. Andy Warhol has used repetition and creates an illusion. The repetitive nature of the colours red and white are eye catching. His works are impersonal and lack emotion due to the fact that they are everyday objects with no emotion they are still unique. Andy Warhol was influenced by his childhood memories and his mother used to feed him campbell’s soup. Pop art was big in America, so his aim was to question the comment on the high level of commercialisation which was big in the US. The artwork was a silk screen work rather then canvas because his work couldn’t dry up enough on the canvas. the silk screen was used because of the mass production it allows yo to do. It consists of thirty-two canvases, each measuring 20 inches (510 mm) in height × 16 inches which is 410 mm, in width and each consisting of a painting of a Campbell’s Soup can one of each of the canned soup varieties the company offered at the time. Us as viewers and as the audience could also relate to this work due to the fact that it is a popular everyday object and easy to recognise. The colours contrast, by using the colour red, it is suppose to make you more hungry more of a eye catching colour. The silk screen print doesn’t look painted it looks more like a cartoon. It looks fake because its more 2D then it is 3D.
maddy 🙂
Andy Warhol is a famous pop artist. One of his famous works is known as the “one hundred soup cans”, painted in 1962. This movement was influenced by mass media, popular culture and everyday life where Andy Warhol used his ability to turn everyday objects as a can of soup into exciting works of art. his pierce of art was his piece of art was a irritation against the artistic society as he brought supermarkets and art galleries to the same level.
He produced this work with a silkscreen process, using a non-painterly style. Campbell’s Soup can silkscreened onto a white background, all the cans have been painted repetitively 100 times and Placed in a single line, just like products being displayed on shelves.
Each can is portrayed with the use of flat colours mostly red, white black and yellow. It is outlined with thick bold black lines with no real tone, showing no emotional or personal effect towards warhols life, but this makes the audience focus on the objectivity in this work. The audience can easily relate to this artwork because is something they see everyday and more likey have purchased in grocery shops and eaten.
Pop art began in England in the 1960’s, its mostly influenced by everyday life. Andy Warhol is a famous artist whom specialized in pop art. His art work titled “one hundred soup cans” is a print of silk screening this is because he found that his paintings didn’t dry fast enough on canvas. As the title suggest the piece of art does literally depict 100 cans of soup. The cans are identical lacking a lot of detail with just bold lines and basic colours. You could also say the texture creates an illusion of the cans. This art work lacks emotional response however its makes the audience to be able to relate to the work because its something they see in everyday life.
Andy Warhol painted the Art Work “One Hundred Soup Cans” in 1962. It belongs to the art style Pop art. It consists of the mundane, everyday object, the soup can which is used repeatedly throughout the artwork. Warhol has made a kitsch, useless object seem important.
The soup can consists of two main colours, red and white. The repetition of the cans create a sort of illusion of red and white lines horizontally across the artwork. It was mass produced and created through the process of silk-screening.
Warhol’s work lacks emotion and is impersonal. The main subject was the red and white Campbell’s soup can, repeated 100 times across the canvas. It has minimal tonal details, and bold black outlines making it look very 2D.
Andy Warhol was influenced by his childhood memories to create this artwork, as his mother used to feed him Campbell’s Soup. His aim was to question the concept of art and comment on the high level of commercialization in the US.
Pop art is a movement that begun in the 50’s in England, then became popular in the 60’s in the US. it takes it’s influences from mass media, pop culture and objects from everyday life, like a soup can. Pop art exploded with bold lines, flat colour. It came in collages, painting, silk screen, anything really. the artworks of the movement aren’t based on the artist’s feelings, but the objectivity of the things being painted. Andy Warhol was a famous pop artist. He is most famous for painting soup cans. His ‘one hundred soup cans’ 1962, is one of his most famous works. It depicts one hundred cans of Campbell’s soup, as the name suggests. It was created in the pop art style, using the silk screen process. It is symmetrical and shows 100 identical cans, representing mass media, and a popular type of soup at the time. It is a picture of an everyday, mundane object that everyone at the time knew. It has bold lines and blocks of colour with no real tone at all, and is a repetition of the same image over and over. it shows no emotion, only objectivity, a main theme of the pop art movement.
Warhol has represented this as a two-dimensional painting. It has the two colours of red and white repeated 100 times and has very simple shapes. There’s no real intense detail, it’s all very simple. It has commercial subject created into mass produced kitsch.
There is a lack of emotion in the painting. It was all done very mechanically using the silkscreen process, but is realistic in the way that it has been represented.
It is a very 2-dimentional and impersonal work.
Pop Art is an art movement that began in England in the 1950’s and then became more popular in the 1960’s in USA. It was inspired by popular culture, mass media and everyday objects. It uses mostly basic colours, bold outlines and creates Kitsch works. Pop art is mostly concerned with commercial posters, packaged foods, traffic signs etc. It depicts simple designs, shapes and geometric shapes As well as Repetition. Effects of pop art include symbolic values of images with a very mechanical look, robotic you could day produced in a non-natural way. Pop Art challenges the idea of “high art” and “What is art?”. Popular culture is referred to as ‘Pop’ as it reflected popular culture and was very easy for the audience to relate to.
Andy Warhol is a famous artist that specialized in the category of ‘Pop Art’. His works are different to artists from the past because of the use of common everyday objects. His use of printing techniques such as silk screen painting. His art work titled “one hundred soup cans” is a print of silk screening this is because he found that his paintings didn’t dry fast enough on canvas. As the title suggests the piece of art literally depicts 100 cans of soup. The cans portray a commercial point of view. They are viewed in a repetitive manner. Each is identical lacking a lot of detail with just bold lines and basic colours. You could also say the texture of creates an illusion of the cans. The art work lacks emotional response however it makes the audience able to relate to the work because its something they see in everyday life.
Andy Warhol is a famous pop artist. One of his famous works is known as the “one hundred soup cans”, painted in 1962. This movement was influenced by mass media, popular culture and everyday life where Andy Warhol used his ability to turn everyday objects as a can of soup into exciting works of art. Warhol was inspired to paint Campbell’s Soup Cans’ due to a suggestion from his friend Muriel Latow. he quoted saying, “I used to drink it, I used to have the same lunch every day, for twenty years”as his mother used to feed him Campbell soup. His piece of art was a irritation against the artistic society as he brought supermarkets and art galleries to the same level. they are about the sameness of one product, with the same brand, same size, same paint surface, same frame as a product. They mimic the condition of mass advertising. He produced this work with a silkscreen process, using a non-painterly style. Campbell’s Soup can silkscreened onto a white background, all the cans have been painted repetitively 100 times and Placed in a single line, just like products being displayed on shelves you see in grocery shops.Each can is portrayed with the use of flat and primary colours mostly red, white black and yellow. it has a high use of contrast with the red up against the white.It is outlined with thick bold black lines with no real tone, showing no emotional or personal effect towards Warhols life, but this makes the audience focus on the objectivity in this work. Also this product looks to be old fashioned, and not so flashy like you see in todays society, where there colourful with labels over throwing it.The audience can easily relate to this artwork because is something they see everyday and more likey have purchased in grocery shops or may even consumed it them-self.
In Andy Warhol’s time, no serious painter would have thought to paint such an ordinary object as a can of soup. But Warhol did. And his fame came from his ability to turn everyday objects into intriguing works of art. There are contradicting stories published as to who gave Warhol the idea to paint soup cans. The most commonly printed version goes like this. In 1960, his friend Muriel Latow came to visit. During that time Warhol was discouraged with his work. He discovered that he was doing the same kind of modern comic strip art as another local artist Roy Lichtenstein but Roy was more successful. So, he asked Latow, who happened to own an art gallery herself, for advice. She said, “You should paint something that everybody sees everyday…like a can of soup.” ‘One Hundred Soup Cans’, 1962 is one of his best-known works. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist’s use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of fine art. Pop removes the material from its context and isolates the object, or combines it with other objects, for contemplation. It has a mundane object as it’s subject matter, bold, simple lines, blocks of basic colours, simple shapes and lacks emotional response or find any feeling looking at it. The cans are presented in a repetitive manner and are identical to each other and lack detail in tone and colour. It’s not something special but something everyone can relate to. Nothing truly catches your eye of this panting. He isn’t painting anything of his on emotional feeling but something of what you can see ever day. It is painted as a 2D object; you don’t see the depths of the can or the roundness of it either, it looks flat and unrealistic.
“One Hundred Soup Cans” is a painting by Andy Warhol made in 1962. It is classified under the art style called Pop Art. Pop Art is a art movement that was started in England in the 1950’s. Pop Art uses elements of popular culture; often uses techniques from commercial art and advertising. In the painting we are presented with an everyday, mundane object, the Campbell’s soup can. It has an older appeal and not a modern design. There is no feeling, emotion, mood or expression in Warhol’s repetitive painting. He has just simply reproduced a meaningless commercial object. It is boring to look at and there’s not much emotional detail that the audience can depict from the painting. The kitchen household item is repeated throughout the artwork making the kitsch object seem important. Andy Warhol if a famous pop artist whom had created this pop art work titled “one hundred soup cans” which is a process of silk-screening because he had found that his paintings were not fast enough on canvas. The painting represents advertising in the media. Andy Warhol has used the main colour of red as it is said to inflict hunger and attract the viewer’s attention. The painting has bold, simple lines, blocks of basic colour’s, simple shapes and lacks emotional response. People may see the work as clever, as Andy Warhol has made a boring object interesting. His work caused offence because it is not what is expected and shows a lack of an emotional response. The audience could also relate to his work because it is such a popular mundane item that was easily recognizable. He is able to relate to his artwork, because he has claimed to eat it every day for lunch.
Andy Warhol painted the Art Work “One Hundred Soup Cans” in 1962. It was a very commercial artwork focusing of the mundane, everyday object, Campbell’s tomato soup can. Which is used repeatedly throughout the artwork. Warhol has made a kitsch, useless, everyday object into an artwork so that it seems important. This style of art is called pop art. Pop art looks at the popular culture of the 1960s by creating art works that were highly realistic and dreamlike, challenging the concept of art.
The soup can consists of two main colours, red and white. The repetition of the cans create a sort of illusion of red and white lines stretched horizontally across the canvas. The work was mass produced and created through the process of silk-screening. Andy Warhol created many of his commercial artworks using this modern, graphic design duplication technique.
Andy Warhol’s work lacks emotion and is impersonal he is simply recreating an object. The main subject was the red and white Campbell’s soup can, repeated one hundred times across the canvas. It lacks in tonal details, has minimal colours and details and has bold, black outlines making the small simple shapes lack in depth and look very 2D.
Andy Warhol was influenced by his childhood memories to create “One Hundred Soup Cans,” as his mother used to feed him Campbell’s Soup. His aim was to question the concept of art and comment on the high level of commercialization in the United States. When Andy Warhol was younger he said; ‘I wanted to be art businessman or a business artist. Being good in business is the most fascinating kind of art’. In his career he turned celebrities and everyday objects into fantastic art works.
Andy Warhol began his art career as a commercial illustrator, he was very successful at what he did. 32 Campbell’s soup cans was his first artwork and was exhibited in 1962, in the Ferus gallery in Los angeles.
This artwork shows an image of an everyday food object which is a can of soup. The artwork is not a modern design and shows a 2D effect, giving the artwork a fake like look, as well as a cartoon effect with a non-painterly style. The artwork is flat, lack of perspective and mass produced object which shows a strong technique of repetition. the fact that the artwork is only a simple can of soup it gives the artwork a very mundane everyday effect, most people don’t find this piece interesting or engaging due to the fact that it is only just a can of Campbell’s soup.
The artwork shows a big lack of personal meaning and shows impersonal meanings. the contrast of the red and white colours, they are sharply not blended together and give strong contrast. The red given to the artwork gives people the craving to seek food items, this is actual fact that ed makes you crave for food. That is why fast food drive-thrus have a red based colour, so they will be more intrigued to buy their food products.
This is Jessica’s Reply
Andy Warhol was a pop artist who produced mass amounts of mass produced objects. He was known as the prince of pop. ‘One hundred soup cans” was a painting of an everyday object made into an artwork. He turned this everyday mundane object in a work of art. Pop artists have an interest in a number of artists in the images of mass media, advertising, comics and consumer products. “One hundred soup cans” is a classic example of a mass produced object, which he then made an ironic artwork out of. ‘One hundred soup cans’’ focuses on a very mundane everyday object. He had made something that is not seen as important into an artwork that uses repitition to create an artwork. This artwork helped to establish Warhol’s reputation as a pop artist. The choice of the Campbell’s soups cans for his artwork was influenced by the fact that it was the best selling brand of canned soup company in the United States. Warhol was a big consumer of these famous Campbell soups and this is also what inspired him to paint this large-scale painting of one hundred of them. The colour red was used because of its vibrance which could attract the viewer. Some companies use the colour red to achieve this purpose. This painting shows no emotion just simply the mass produced objects of today. The aim of these famous pop art images was a contrast between traditional artistic subject artwork matter, which was important, permanent or attractive as opposed to an object that can be seen everyday, cheap and disposable. In one hundred soup cans Warhol emphasized the mass production and consumed product f everyday life in consumer society. This artwork show the materialistic world of today where people spend so much money on brands such useless objects.
Andy Warhol was an American painter and filmmaker. He was a leading figure in the movement of pop art. His Campbell’s Soup Cans work of art was produced in 1962. Materials used include Synthetic polymer paint on thirty-two canvases, each canvas was 50.8 x 40.6 cm. This type of image helped to establish Andy Warhol reputation and has since become one of the best-known artists pop art icons of product pop art paintings with Campbell company soup. The thirty-two canvases are very similar: each is a realistic depiction of the iconic, mostly red and white Campbell’s Soup can silkscreened onto a white background. The canvases have minor variation in the lettering of the variety names. Most of the letterings are painted in red letters. The choice of product for Campbell stuff soup cans artwork famous paintings was determined partly by Campbell soup label popularity, Campbell can soup was the best selling brand of canned soup company in the United States and partly by the artist’s personal habits for his famous soup can 1960s pop art product famous paintings artwork. The font sizes only vary slightly in the variety names. However, there are a few notable stylistic font differences. Old-fashioned Tomato Rice is the only variety with lower case script. This lower case script appears to be from a slightly different font than the other variety name letters. There are other stylistic differences. Old-fashioned Tomato Rice has the word Soup depicted lower on the can, in place of a portion of ornamental starlike symbols at the bottom that the other 31 varieties have. Repeating the same image at the same scale, the canvases stress the uniformity and ubiquity of the Campbell’s can. At the same time, they subvert the idea of painting as a medium of invention and originality. Visual repetition of this kind had long been used by advertisers to drum product names into the public consciousness; here, though, it implies not energetic competition but a complacent abundance.